0 Janda, Laura A. 2004 Cognitive Linguistics 15 471 Cognitive Linguistics 0 Janda, Laura A. 2003 Slavic and East European Journal 47 251-281 Cognitive Linguistics 0 Zinken, Jörg 2003 Discourse and Society 14 507-523 Metaphor Discourse Analysis Political science Ideology Cognitive Linguistics CMT This article explores the role that metaphors play in the ideological interpretation of events. Research in cognitive linguistics has brought rich evidence of the enormous influence that body experience has on (metaphorical) conceptualization. However, the role of the cultural net in which an individual is embedded has mostly been neglected. As a step towards the integration of cultural experience into the experientialist framework in cognitive metaphor research I propose to differentiate two ideal types of motivation for metaphor: correlation and intertextuality. Evidence for the important role that intertextual metaphors play in ideological discourse comes from an analysis of Polish newspaper discourse on the tenth anniversary of the end of communism. 0 Sinha, Chris 2002 Cognitive Linguistics 13 271-276 Cognitive Linguistics Embodiment 0 Langacker, Ronald W. 2001 Cognitive Linguistics 12 143-188 Cognitive Linguistics 0 Lakoff, George 2001 Artificial Intelligence 195–209 Cognitive Linguistics 0 Gibbs, Raymond W. 2000 Cognitive Linguistics 11 347-358 Cognitive Linguistics 0 Va 1999 Slovo a slovesnost 60 214-215 Cognitive Linguistics Polish Linguistics Informace o některých polských kognitivně lingvistických pracech 0 Vaňková, Irena 1999 Slovo a slovesnost 60 283-292 philosophy Cognitive Linguistics Czech Linguistics Nárys srovnání kognitivního a fenomenologického přístupu k jazyku 0 Fesmire, Steven A. 1994 Metaphor and Symbolic Activity 9 149-154 cognitive linguistics categorization cognitive commitment cognitive semantics critique of cognitive semantics ecological situatedness embodied mind generalization commitment image schema mentalism metaphor narrative structure philosophy refut Cognitive linguistics is founded on the cardinal methodological assumption that any theory of meaning, concepts, reasoning, or language must be congruous with our most reliable empirical inquiries into the nature of human cognition. This "cognitive" commitment coincides with a "generalization" commitment (Lakoff, 1990, p. 50) whereby any satisfactory theory of these aspects of cognition must offer empirically criticizable generalizations about human conceptualization, inference, and language. What has emerged from these commitments is a view of human understanding and experience that places our ecological situatedness at its core. Because linguistic structures are studied not in isolation from, but with an acute sensitivity to our most reliable investigations into the way human beings give coherent form to their experience, cognitive linguists have been able to illuminate the way an embodied mind adjusts to its changing environment by way of shared cognitive structures, such as image schemata, categorizations, metaphors, and narrative structures. But what exactly counts as cognitive here? Some criticisms of the cognitive semantics approach to metaphor have been based on a misunderstanding of the meaning of cognitive within this orientation (e.g., Gendlin, 1991). By clarifying the nature of a cognitive approach to human understanding and experience, I would like to forestall objections that cognitive linguistics is either, on the one hand, too intellectualistic and subjectivistic, or, on the other hand, too physicalistic in its treatment of understanding and meaning. The basic objection I address is that "conceptual metaphors" are overtly conceptual - that they are "mentalistic" to the detriment of a full-blooded account.(Steven Fesmire) 0 Lakoff, George 1991 Language and communication 11 53-62 Cognitive Linguistics 0 Fauconnier, Gilles 1990 Cognitive Linguistics 1 151-174 Cognitive Linguistics connections between spaces domain mental space theory multiple mapping One striking formal characteristic of cognitive semantics is its emphasis on mappings and correspondences between domains, as opposed to rules and logical representations restricted to sentences. While language undeniably has structure of its own, it also links up in essential ways with other cognitively motivated structures and central features of language organization depend on such links. The present paper presents more evidence for the important role played by domain mapping in basic understanding. Various kinds of previously unnoticed counterfactual constructions are examined in this light, along with cognitive operators such as 'when'. Matching conditions imposed by constructions on connected spaces are studied. They provide the basis for a realistic account of generalized inference and partial truth assignment from a cognitive perspective.(Gilles Fauconnier) 0 Geeraerts, Dirk 1990 Cognitive Linguistics 1 Cognitive Linguistics 0 Dressler, Wolfgang U. 1990 Cognitive Linguistics 1 75-98 Cognitive Linguistics 0 Lakoff, George 1990 Cognitive Linguistics 1 39-74 cognitive linguistics abstract reasoning cognitive semantics cognitive topology conceptual metaphor theory image schema imagistic reasoning inference pattern invariance hypothesis LIB I view cognitive linguistics as defined by the commitment to characterize the full range of linguistic generalizations while being faithful to empirical discoveries about the nature of the mind/brain.The Invariance Hypothesis is a proposed general principle intended to characterize a broad range or regularities in both our conceptual and linguistic systems. Given that all metaphorical mappings are partial, the Invariance Hypothesis claims that the portion of the source domain structure that is mapped preserves cognitive topology (though, of course, not all the cognitive topology of the source domain need be mapped). Since the cognitive topology of image schemas determines their inference patterns, the Invariance Hypothesis claims that imagistic reasoning patterns are mapped onto abstract reasoning patterns via metaphorical mappings. It entails that at least some (and perhaps all) abstract reasoning is a metaphorical version of image-based reasoning.The data covered by the Invariance Hypothesis includes the metaphorical understanding of time, states, events, actions, purposes, means, causes, modalities, linear scales, and categories. Because the source domains of these metaphorical concepts are structured by image schemas, the Invariance Hypothesis suggests that reasoning involving these concepts is fundamentally image-based. This includes the subject matter of Boolean, scalar, modal, temporal, and causal reasoning. These cases cover such a large range of abstract reasoning that the question naturally arises as to whether all abstract human reasoning is a metaphorical version of imagistic reasoning. I see this as a major question for future research in cognitive linguistics.(George Lakoff) 0 Wierzbicka, Anna 1990 Cognitive Linguistics 1 99-150 Cognitive Linguistics 0 Frank, Arthur W. 1990 Theory, Culture and Society 7 131-62 Cognitive Linguistics Experientialism Review Overview of body-related research in the 1980s relevant for new sociology Sorts books into 4 categories:1. The medicalized bodyreviews books on medical practices and social vs. medical aspects of disease2. The sexual bodyReviews two books one on "The sexual lives of an Amazonian people" and the other on collection of articles on postmodern sexuality in the US in "postmodern America, the natives are now writing their own ethnography" which are more similar than might be expected3. The disciplined bodyCompares several books on diets (anorexia) and visions of own body4. The talking bodyReview of Lakoff 1987 and Johnson 1987 - suggests that Johnson can be read first as an introduction to the ideas in LakoffSees the value of this research "in resolution of the Objectivist/relativist dichotomy." ... "If understanding and knowledge are projections of embodied image shcamta, then they are clearly multivocal, not univocal. But because bodily experience is shared -- we all experience balance, force, containment, and many, but not infinitely many, other bases of metaphor -- there is a basis for mutual understanding. The demise of Objectivism need not be rootless, anarchic, nihilistic relativism. It seems to me this was what Nietzsche was trying to establish, and what Foucault needed but never found as a philosophic basis of his politics." (p. 158)